reproduce:
        git clone https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests.git ~/lkp-tests
        # apt-get install sparse
        # sparse version: v0.6.4-66-g0196afe1
        # https://github.com/yiliu1765/iommufd/commit/55d373e31eb94036a5cba39a417594a8ceba6b43
        git remote add yiliu1765-iommufd https://github.com/yiliu1765/iommufd.git
        git fetch --no-tags yiliu1765-iommufd wip/iommufd_pasid-20240830-notest-yet
        git checkout 55d373e31eb94036a5cba39a417594a8ceba6b43
        # save the config file
        mkdir build_dir && cp config build_dir/.config
        COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-14.1.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross C=1 CF='-fdiagnostic-prefix -D__CHECK_ENDIAN__ -fmax-errors=unlimited -fmax-warnings=unlimited' O=build_dir ARCH=arm64 olddefconfig
        COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-14.1.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross C=1 CF='-fdiagnostic-prefix -D__CHECK_ENDIAN__ -fmax-errors=unlimited -fmax-warnings=unlimited' O=build_dir ARCH=arm64 SHELL=/bin/bash drivers/iommu/arm/arm-smmu-v3/ fs/ubifs/