reproduce (this is a W=1 build):
        git clone https://github.com/intel/lkp-tests.git ~/lkp-tests
        # https://github.com/yiliu1765/iommufd/commit/40f580261cf35cef57fc7ad2060f485e104a0967
        git remote add yiliu1765-iommufd https://github.com/yiliu1765/iommufd.git
        git fetch --no-tags yiliu1765-iommufd wip/iommufd_pasid-20240910
        git checkout 40f580261cf35cef57fc7ad2060f485e104a0967
        # save the config file
        mkdir build_dir && cp config build_dir/.config
        COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-14.1.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=arm64 olddefconfig
        COMPILER_INSTALL_PATH=$HOME/0day COMPILER=gcc-14.1.0 ~/lkp-tests/kbuild/make.cross W=1 O=build_dir ARCH=arm64 SHELL=/bin/bash drivers/cpufreq/ drivers/iommu/arm/arm-smmu-v3/